Total knee replacement, also known as total knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure in which the damaged or diseased knee joint is replaced with an artificial joint. This procedure is typically performed to relieve severe knee pain and disability caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and traumatic injury. Total knee replacement involves removing damaged cartilage and bone from the knee joint and replacing it with metal and plastic components that mimic the natural movement of the knee. This surgery is a highly effective treatment option for patients with end-stage knee arthritis and can significantly improve mobility, reduce pain, and enhance quality of life. Research in this area focuses on improving surgical techniques, implant design, patient outcomes, and long-term success rates of total knee replacement procedures.